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Production of pellets has also increased but there are still only few power plants using pellets in Finland (Energiauutiset. The local demand of wood pellets was increasing in the 2010s in Finland (Proskurina et al., 2016). Also, investments where the pellets are used in renovated buildings can get subsidies with investment grants (National Renewable Energy Action Plan (NREAP). According to National Renewable Energy Action Plan, small scale CHP plants that use wood fuel can receive support for example. (National Renewable Energy Action Plan (NREAP). The Finnish National Renewable Energy Action Plan (NREAP) is supporting policy which encourages towards renewable energy targets. Government policy has been also supporting bioenergy through energy and environmental taxes (Proskurina et al., 2016). For example, possible subsidies can be different grants, such as investment grants. The Finnish bioenergy is supported by the government policy.
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The programme has also presented recommendations and policy support advice how to accomplish the aim (Finland's National Forest Strategy 2025. The Finnish National Forest Programme aims to increase the use of indigenous wood resources for energy purposes. Wood pellet production, domestic consumption, and wood pellet import and export in Finland in 2001–2013, in 1,000 tons (Proskurina et al., 2016). Figure 1 clarifies the development of wood pellet production, domestic consumption and exports and imports in Finland.įigure 1. For example, 87 000 tons of pellets made mainly in Russia were shipped to Finland (Energiauutiset., 2016). (Energiauutiset., 2016).Įven if Finland is important producer of wood pellets and the Finland wood pellet market is export oriented, import is also important for Finland. In total power plants, households and agriculture used 373 000 tonnes of wood pellets in 2018. In 2018 heat and power plants used 288 000 tons of wood pellets. (2016) the local demand of wood pellets was increasing every year in the 2010s. However, partly state-owned company, Vapo Oy, is the biggest producer of wood pellets in Finland. The pellet production is a fast growing industry even though there are few power plants using pellets in Finland (Energiauutiset., 2016). The pellet use in combined heat and power (CHP) plants will increase in future and feasibility study shows encouraging results (Judl et al., 2014 Lehtilä, Savolainen, & Syri, 2005). The increasing demand for wood pellets has expand the pellet supply in Finland (Selkimäki et al. Finnish wood pellet production is important factor for European wood pellet market (Proskurina et al., 2016). On a larger scale pellet combustion is also a good option for district heating plants and small power plants (Alakangas, 2000, Alakangas & Paju, 2002).įinland aims to increase its share in renewable energy production and tap its underutilized forest biomass (Judl et al., 2014).
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Making wood pellets an eco-friendly option for heating systems. It is important to note that because of high bulk density, one tonne of pellets takes about 1.5m³ of storage space and that makes pellets a good choice for heating for family houses, this means that the wood pellets can compete with oil and electricity heating systems. The weight of a bulk density of pellets is about 650-700 kg/m³ and the energy content of pellets is 3000-3300 kWh/m³ (Alakangas., 2000, Alakangas & Paju, 2002). The moisture content is 7-12% and the ash content is about 0,5%. Wood pellet’s moisture content and ash content are low. In Finland, pellets of cylindrical shape, diameter of 8 mm and the length 10-30 mm are popular (Alakangas & Paju, 2002). The pellets can be of different shape and size depending upon its target customer. Wood pellets are made by pelletisation process where the raw material is compressed. The raw forest biomass material must be dried before pelletising. Wood pellet is usually made of a by-products of forest industry like sawdust or forest chips. Wood pellets have become important fuel in heat and power production because pellets for example have high energy content and most importantly wood pellets contribute to the reduction of CO2 emissions (Sikanen et al., 2008). Author Tuomas Mauno Revised by Vijay Bhatt
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